Consonant Extensions

The extensions of the Zoitei writing system are added with the character '. These extensions indicate an alternate sound.

4L5L6q7q
0sl'p'f'þ' (th')
1sc't's'š' (sh')
2sr'k'x'ł' (lh')
3Bm'b'v'w'
4Bn'd'z'ž' (zh')
5Bŋ' (q')g'ň' (nh')ř' (rh')

Pronunciation

IPAEnglish wordZoitei Romanized Phonetic Spelling
l'ʙ̥--
p'--
f'ɸʼ--
th' / þ'ɸ--
c'ɾ--
t'--
s'ɕ--
sh' / š'ʂ--
r'r--
k'--
x'h↓--
lh' / ł'ʜ--
m'ʙ--
b'ʘ--
v'ⱱ̟brrb'yb'yh
w'β--
n'ψ--
d'ǀtskd'
z'ʑ--
zh' / ž'ʐ--
q' / ŋ'ɭhangulxanguŋ'
g'ǃ--
nh' / ň'xlochloň'
rh' / ř'ʢ--

Sounds

  • r': Rolled r
  • c': Sound between l and r
  • nh' / ň': ł with stop
  • rh' / ř': Rolled ř
  • lh' / ł': Rolled ł, long k
  • th' / þ': Long p, similar to an f (halfway between p and f)
  • w': Long b, similar to a v (halfway between b and v)
  • p': Pop sound (ejective p)
  • t': Tick sound (ejective t)
  • k': Click sound (ejective k)
  • l': Unvoiced buzzing sound (trilled p)
  • m': Buzzing sound (trilled b)
  • b': "Kissing" Click
  • d': "Tsk" Click
  • g': Back of mouth click
  • x': Gasp / breath in
  • q' / ŋ': Rolled tongue l
  • s': Between s and š / sh
  • z': Between z and ž / zh
  • sh' / š': Rolled tongue š / sh
  • zh' / z': Rolled tongue ž / zh
  • f': Long b' (non-click variant)
  • v': Shiver noise